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（一）知识讲解
英语的动词在表示不同时间里发生的行为或存在的状态时，要用不同的形式来表示。英语的时态从时间上来看，可分为“现在”、“过去”、“将来”和“过去将来”四大类。动词共有十六种不同时态，见下表
|
| 一般 | 进行 | 完成 | 完成进行 |
| 现在 | do / does | am / is/ are doing | have / has done | have / has been doing |
| 过去 | did | was / were doing | had done | had been doing |
| 将来 | shall / will do | shall/ will be doing | shall / will have done | Will have been doing |
| 过去将来 | Would/should do | Would/should be doing | Would/should have done | Would/should have been doing |
一般 进行 完成 完成进行
现在 do / does am / is/ are doing have / has done have / has been doing
过去 did was / were doing had done had been doing
将来 shall / will do shall/ will be doing shall / will have done Will have been doing
过去将来 Would/should do Would/should be doing Would/should have done Would/should have been doing
但常用的时态有八种。
（一）一般现在时
一般现在时表示经常发生的动作（习惯性的动作）或存在的状态，句中常用always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day等时间状语。
例如：
He goes to school at seven o’clock every day.
The sun rises in the east.
（二）一般过去时
一般过去时主要用于表示过去的动作、行为或状态，句中常有yesterday, ago, in 1989, once, last week (month, year), at that time, just now 等时间状语。
例如：
He was born in 1989.
I used to play football when I was young.
（三）一般将来时
英语动词表示将来时有多种形式，其共同特点是句中常有表示将来时间的状语，如：tomorrow, next week, in a week等
例如：
We will visit the science museum next week.
We are going to discuss the problem tomorrow.
（四）现在进行时
现在进行时表示现在时刻正在进行的动作或表示现阶段正在做的事情，句中常与now, at this moment等时间状语连用。
例如：
The boy is playing video games.
His father is writing a novel these days.
（五）现在完成时
现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态，或还要延续下去，句中常用since, for, yet, already等表示一段时间的状语。
例如：
Great changes have taken place in China since 1980.
He has been in this factory for five years.
（六）过去进行时
过去进行时表示在过去某个时候正在进行的动作或过去某个阶段正在做的事情。
例如：
He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.
When I came in, they were having supper.
（七）过去完成时
表示在过去某个时刻前已经发生的动作或状态，或者从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态。
例如：
By the end of last year, we had learned more than 2,000 English words.
My teacher had taught in that school for ten years before she came here.
（八）过去将来时
过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句当中，主句中的谓语动词一般是过去时。
例如：
He said that he would study harder than before.
He didn’t tell me when he would go.
（二）[基础过关]
1. I have to see the doctor because I a lot lately.
A. have been coughing B. had coughed
C. coughed D. cough
答案：A.
解析：考查动词时态。由时间状语lately可知此处表示现阶段一直在进行的动作或存在的状态，且强调其持续性，用现在完成进行时，选A。
2. It is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area.
A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built
答案：D
解析：考查动词时态，语态及主谓一致。由时间状语at present可知此处动词表示的动作正在进行，主语与所填词是被动关系；many a+名词单数做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，由此可知本题选D。
3. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who ________evening dress.
A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn
答案：B
解析：考查主谓一致和时态。首先the only one of …. 为先行词时，定语从句修饰的是one，即one是主语，而非后面的复数women，根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词应该用单数，排除A，D。另外，从“is”可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯，因此要用一般现在时，排除C，故选B。
4. Linda make sure the table ________before the guests arrive.
A. be set B. set C. are set D. are setting
答案：C
解析：考查动词set的用法和被动语态。Set a table摆放桌子， tables为主语，故用被动结构。make sure后一般接宾语从句。
5. Excuse me I________I was blocking your way.
A. didn’t realize B. don’t realize C. haven’t realized D. wasn’t realizing
答案：A
考点：时态考查。
解析：结合语境，后文暗示过去时。
6. Last night’s TV news said that by then the death of the missing people ________（未证实）yet. (prove)
答案： had not been proved
解析：考查过去完成时的被动语态
7. Joseph ______to evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say “What’s your name?” in Russian.
A．has been going B．went C．goes D．has gone
答案：A
句意：约瑟夫自从上个月就一直去夜校，可是他仍然不能用俄语说“你叫什么名字？”。
解析：考查时态。句中since last month，表示“自从上个月起”根据but后的句意，说明动作从过去发生到现在一直在进行着，所以要用现在完成进行时态。
8. I _______ all the cooking for my family, but recently I’ve been too busy to do it.
A．will do B．do C．am doing D．had done
答案： B
句意：我为一家人做饭，但是最近我太忙不能做了。
解析：考查动词时态。第一句表示现阶段的一种状况，所以用一般现在时态。
9. In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the "r" sounds at the end of the words .
A. are dropped B. drop
C. are being dropped D. have dropped
答案：A
考点：时态和语态
解析：the "r" sounds应该使用被动。
10. --I'm not finished with my dinner yet.
--But our friends for us.
A. will wait B. wait C. have waited D. are waiting
答案：D
考点:本题也是在语境中考查学生对时态的灵活运用。
解析：第一个说话人说“我还没吃完饭呢”，而下面的人则说“但是我们的朋友们都在等我们了”根据第一个人还没进行完吃饭的动作，而第二个人又开始催促，我们得知朋友们此时正在等他们。所以用进行时are waiting更符合句意。
（三）[能力提高]
1. Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she ______ since her marriage to Father.
A shoulders B shouldered C is shouldering D has been shouldering
答案：Ｄ
考点：考察时态。
解析：在本句since 表示自从过去到现在，所以用现在完成时，现在完成进行时为现在完成时的一种。
2. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked.
A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid
答案: A
考点：本题考查with复合结构的用法/被动语态。
解析： with复合结构的构成是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，由于table与lay(搁放)之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以空格处用过去分词表示被动。
3. Up to now, the program ________ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
A. would save B. saves
C. had saved D. has saved
答案:D
考点：本题考查动词时态的用法。
解析：句意应为“截止到现在，这个项目已经挽救了成千上万的本来会死去的孩子的生命。”up to now是现在完成时态的标志，所以空格处使用现在完成时态。
4. We on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest.
A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked
答案：B.
考点：考查动词时态。
句意：我们在这项工程上一直工作了四个小时了。咱们休息一会。
解析：从句子的时间状语for four hours和后面的句子Let’s have a rest可知，动作从过去发生，到说话的时候一直在进行着，所以此处要用现在完成进行时态。
5．---When shall we restart our business?
---Not until we our plan．
A．will finish B．are finishing
C．are to finish D．have finished
答案：D
考点：考查动词时态。
解析：在状语从句中，经常用一般现在时表将来时，用现在完成时表将来完成时。此处为until引导的时间状语从句，故用现在完成时，选D。意为“直到我们完成我们的计划，我们才重新开始我们的生意。”
6．You’ve failed to do what you to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame you．
A．will expect B．will be expected
C．expected D．were expected
答案：D
考点：考查动词时态。
解析：句中you与expect存在被动关系，首先排除C。又有have failed提示应是过去你被期盼做的事，故应为过去时，正确答案为D。
7. —Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?
—No , I ______ my homework all day yesterday.
A. was doing B. would do C. has done D. do
答案：A
句意：—你读完了Jane Eyre吗？
—没有，我昨天一直做作业。
解析：根据选项此题考察时态，此题可以根据句意解答，也可以使用排除法。A表示一段时间内持续进行且未完成的动作使用进行时。题干中有all day yesterday时间提示为过去，应该选择与过去相关的时态，排除D。B为过去将来时不符合题意，C过去完成时是过去的过去，使用过去完成时题目中需要有一般过去时，题干中没有一般过去时因此也排除。
8. When you are home , give a call to let me know you ______ safely.
A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive
答案：B
句意：当你到家的时候，打电话给我让我知道你已经到家了。
解析：根据选项此题考察时态。此题可以根据句意也可以使用排除法。 句意为“当你到家的时候，打电话给我让我知道你已经到家了”。B选项使用现在完成时表示将来完成，译为“已经……”。同时也可以使用排除法，arrive既可以使用现在进行时表示将来也可以用will + do表示将来，因此A和D同时排除，C为过去完成时，因此C也排除，选择B.
9. The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ______.
A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made
答案：C
句意：在澳洲金矿的发现使千百人相信将会发财。
解析：根据选项此题考察时态和语态。make fortune译为“发财”，make在句中需要使用被动形式，因此排除B和D，题干中led提示时间为过去，因此选择C。be to do译为“将会将要”，was to be made表示过去将来。
10. —why, Jack, you look so tired! —Well, I _____the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
A. was painting B. will be painting C. have painted D. have been painting
答案：D
解析：我给房子上油漆一直进行到现在，而且到明天才会完成。所以用现在完成进行时
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